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647 FluoroNanogold™ for Super-Res!

Updated: March 26, 2000

UNDECAGOLD PRODUCT INFORMATION

Positively Charged Undecagold, [Au11(P)7Cl3][Positively ChargedUndecagold Labeling Reagent product page]Product Name: POSITIVELY CHARGED UNDECAGOLDCatalog Numbers:    2043Appearance:Yellow-orange solidRevision:1.1 (March 2000)

Technical Assistance Online  Instructions (PDF)  Material Safety Data Sheet (PDF)

General InformationUNDECAGOLD is a new type of gold label, consisting of a cluster complex of 11 gold atoms, ligated by triarylphosphines and chloride ions.¹ Each molecule of POSITIVELY CHARGED UNDECAGOLD bears several primary amine groups; these may ionize and assume a positive charge. They may also be used for the attachment of labels, via usual cross-linking protocols. UNDECAGOLD particles are a uniform 0.8 nm in diameter, making them a suitable calibration standard for electron microscopy. They do not aggregate, as do colloidal gold products, nor do they possess affinity for proteins as colloidal gold particles do.

POSITIVELY CHARGED UNDECAGOLD particles should be frozen upon receipt, and stored at -20°C.Warning:For research use only. Not recommended or intended for diagnosis of disease in humans or animals.Do not use internally or externally in humans or animals.Non radioactive and non carcinogenic. Product SpecificationsPOSITIVELY CHARGED UNDECAGOLD is supplied as a solid, lyophilized from methanol: the 1 ml vial contains 50 nmol. It is purified by gel filtration, and is stable under a wide range of pH confitions. It is soluble in water and aqueous buffers, and also in organic solvents such as alcohols, acetone, dichloromethane and similar solvents. Solubility in non-polar organic solvents may be improved by treatment with a small amount of base. Each molecule of POSITIVELY CHARGED UNDECAGOLD contains approximately 7 primary amine groups.

UNDECAGOLD has the following extinction coefficients at specific wavelengths:

WAVELENGTH (nm)EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT*2801.7 X 10⁵4200.47 X 10⁵* Measured for 5 X 10^-6 M solution in methanol.

Instructions for UseThe product is supplied as a lyophilized pure solid; no buffers or other salts or residues are present. The yellow-orange solid may be dissolved directly into the solvent or buffer to be used.

Representative examples of the use of UNDECAGOLD for immunolabeling have been described in the literature. This product may be used to label cellular features or biomolecules with a predominantly negative charge. The amine groups may also be cross-linked to other molecules using commercially available homobifunctional or heterobifunctional cross-linkers. Special Considerations for Viewing Undecagold in the Electron MicroscopeUNDECAGOLD is the smallest gold probe commercially available, being just 0.8 nm in diameter. A high resolution instrument such as a Scanning Transmission Eelectron Microscope (STEM) is required for visualization; in a conventional TEM the UNDECAGOLD particles are not visible. With careful work, however, UNDECAGOLD may be seen directly in the STEM. However, achieving the high resolution necessary for this work may require new demands on your equipment and technique.Several suggestions follow:

1. Before you start a project withUNDECAGOLD it is helpful to see it so you know what to look for.Dilute the UNDECAGOLD stock 1:5 in methanol and apply 4 microliters to a grid for 1 minute.Allow to dry.
2. View UNDECAGOLD using a full width scan of 128 nm or less; this will give sufficient magnification for visualization.
3. UNDECAGOLD is sensitive to beam damage (contrary to NANOGOLD® which is very beam-resistant); the behavior of UNDERCAGOLD in the STEM has been described in the literature² Image at approximately 200 eÅ^-2.
4. In order to operate at high magnification, thin carbon film over fenestrated holey film is recommended.Many plastic supports are unstable under these conditions of high magnification/high beam current and carbon is therefore preferred. Contrast is best using thinner films.

1. Hainfeld, J. F.; in "Colloidal Gold: Principles, Methods and Applications;" M. A. Hayat, ed.; Vol. 1, p. 413; Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1991).

2. Lipka, J. J., Hainfeld, J. F., and Wall, J. S., J. Ultrastruct. Res., 84, 120 (1983).

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Nanoprobes was founded in 1990 by Dr. James F. Hainfeld, along with a group of scientists who were also alumni of Brookhaven National Laboratory. The independent research facility they formed has allowed Dr. Hainfeld and his colleagues the freedom to pursue some of the greatest challenges in research: seeking cures for cancer and other diseases.

While part of the funding for these endeavors has come from research grants, another source had to be found, as the scientific community faces ever-increasing government cutbacks. To this end, Nanoprobes began to offer many of the nanoparticle technologies developed by its members for use in other scientists' research.